Diabetes means high blood sugar and this is caused due to the body not producing enough insulin or the body’s cells don’t fully respond to the insulin the body produces. The pancreas produces this hormone which helps the body to absorb glucose and in turn produce energy. If the cells do not absorb glucose one will develop hyperglycaemia which will lead to other complications.

The two most common types of diabetes are Diabetes Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes. Type 1 results from the body’s failure of producing insulin and the person will require insulin injections. Type 2 diabetes means the body is insulin resistant as the cells fail to use the glucose produced by the body.

Other types of diabetes are gestational diabetes, congenital diabetes; cystic fibrosis related diabetes, steroid diabetes as well as monogenic diabetes. Type 2 Diabetes is treated with diabetes medication in pill form with some patients taking one or more pills, however the patient does not have to inject with insulin. However once you have been diagnosed with Type 2 it is considered to be a chronic condition of which there is no cure.

Without the correct treatment many other complications can manifest which include hypoglycaemia, non-ketotic hyperosmolar coma as well as ketoacidosis. In the long term one can develop complications such as chronic renal failure, cardiovascular disease and retinal damage. It is imperative that a patient receives treatment which includes medication and maintaining a healthy diet, and good blood sugar levels.

Type 2 Diabetes is the most common type which affects around ninety percent of population of all race groups globally. The early stages show up as an abnormal reduction in insulin and can be improved by taking medications which will improve or reduce the glucose production. However if the disease progresses and the insulin secretion occurs the patient may require insulin therapy.

The signs and symptoms of Type 2 Diabetes is frequent urination, increased thirst as well as hunger and symptoms usually develop over long periods of time and the patient may also present with unexplained weight loss at the onset of the disease. Blood sugar concentrations are measure in order to make a diagnosis. With Type 2 there is also a high possibility of hyperosmolar non-ketotic states occurring which result in dehydration as well as skin rashes can break out. The causes of Type 2 are mainly defined by genes as well as lifestyle factors and obese people are more prone to developing diabetes.